Japanese culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Japanese culture - Essay Example They look for the help of otherworldly powers for their salvage just as for the arrangement of their challenges. In this manner, religion gives otherworldly direction and passionate alleviation to the people. Being one of the most created and developed nations of the contemporary world, the inspecting and investigation of old Japanese social characteristics and profound idea has consistently been a subject of incredible enthusiasm for the archeologists, students of history and anthropologists. In any case, investigates locate no strong records of the Japanese religion and culture in Paleolithic time; in this manner, either the indigenous Japanese of the Old Stone Age had died away, or they had been attacked and killed by the pariahs during early Neolithic period. â€Å"Because no full skeletons have yet been discovered, it has been hard for the archeologists to make judgment about the racial character of the Old Stone Age Japanese.† (Varley 2000, 1) Since the Japanese kept up solid confidence in Shinto conviction during the initial six centuries A.D., they used to look for profound motivation from Kami, the fundamental objects of love as indicated by the Shinto confidence. Kami venerate had been stylish among the Japanese much under the Jomon and Yayoi traditions, hardly any hundreds of years before the approach of both Christianity and Buddhism. Kami was not kept to one single article just; rather, it contained a few normal wonders including the Sun, which had consistently been a wellspring of extraordinary motivation and inspiration for them. Subsequently, the previous Japanese manufactured holy places and sanctuaries of the Sun Goddess and used to look for her help for their common issues from one perspective, and for their profound inspire on the other. â€Å"The head landmark to the Sun Goddess is the Ise Shrine, which houses her picture as mirror the most valuable object of the majestic regalia.† (Varley 2000, 17) The political foundation of the Japanese culture had additionally been established on the framework of their strict conviction. Therefore, they thought about their ruler as Deity, and there were no two sentiments on this delicate most issue. Along these lines, the Japanese ruler was likewise one of the Kami objects as indicated by Shinto conviction. It is in this manner the royal Uji faction of Japan delighted in the heavenly regard and status among the remainder of Uji clans. Subsequently, the magnificent Uji could choose non-majestic Ujis as pastors in any event, during 6th century A.D, and these named priests were taken a gander at with love gave they had been chosen by the Kami. The antiquated Japanese drove basic and uncouth life and kept up least recognition with the instruments; accordingly, the trespassers from the neighboring Asian areas defeated them and left permanent effect of their faction and culture on the Japanese. Henceforth, the Japanese had looked for strict motivation from the neighboring far eastern and south East Asian societies. The Chinese human advancement had been the most ruling one in this respects, and caught the profound structure of antiquated Japan. The discoveries uncover that the antiquated Japanese were the adherents of Shinto confidence, which despite everything wins in the nation. During pre-history to the principal quarter of 6th century A.D., Shinto had been the focal conviction followed by Japanese, however essential traditions and shows of this period are obscure. The Shinto religion is currently isolated into various factions. â€Å"Shrine Shinto (Jinja Shinto) is the standard structure, in presence from the earliest starting point of Japanese history, through which others act. People Shinto (Minzoku Shinto) is a sub-series of this, fixated on the adoration

Should Backpacks be Allowed in School Essays

Should Backpacks be Allowed in School Essays Should Backpacks be Allowed in School Paper Should Backpacks be Allowed in School Paper Likewise, knapsacks are a phenomenal spot for understudies to shroud protests that are disallowed. Initially, knapsacks are cumbersome and clumsy. In a study hall, there is no assigned space for knapsacks to be kept so understudies may put It on the rear of their seat, put It around their work area, or even leave them on the floor. This at that point causes numerous mishaps since individuals are not continually taking a gander at the ground as they walk such a significant number of understudies and instructors could trip. In the event that the school permits knapsacks In class and discloses to you that they should not be kept on the ground, this presents another issue for understudies on the grounds that the main accessible spot left would be around their work area, in this way hindering on their workspace and learning. There Is likewise the issue of knapsacks in corridors. As everybody knows, an opportunity to go between classes isn't long and the passages can get clogged, particularly the flights of stairs. Presently envision everybody conveying a knapsack; the outcome would be a much ungraceful mass of individuals. Corridors would not exclusively be significantly progressively blocked, understudies will presently must be extra cautious all together not to trip and get gulped into the endless multitude of understudies. Simply the explanation about knapsacks being huge and awkward alone ought to be sufficient to persuade everybody that rucksacks in class re an immense error. In this way, permitting knapsacks implies that understudies should carry it to each class which could prompt significant wellbeing worries for understudies. Because of permitting rucksacks, understudies will now in all likelihood go straightforwardly to class which implies they should convey the vital materials and course books for a large portion of the day. This is very awful for the back on the grounds that reviews have demonstrated that if the heaviness of a rucksack is over 20% of the transporters body weight, individuals are increasingly inclined to muscle and Joint injury and serious back, neck and shoulder torment. Despite the fact that acquiring a knapsack accurately will vigorously lessen the opportunity of injury, numerous adolescents don't know about the right method to convey rucksacks. Shoulder lashes should help balance the weight; the rucksack should fit cozily against the body and legs ought to be utilized to lift the knapsack, not the back. Besides, inquire about has demonstrated that grown-ups with serious back issues state that they frequently had back agony as a youngster. This explanation should cause you to understand that not permitting understudies to carry their knapsacks to class Is more profitable than allowing them to drag their packs to each class. The disdain of unlawful things like weapons and medications has consistently been a worry for school specialists yet understudies will in general keep those things In their storage spaces. Be that as it may, If knapsacks were permitted In class, understudies would now have the chance to hide a firearm or a blade In their rucksack and bring It Into class. Understudies can likewise shroud Items to assist them with undermining a test or test Like cheat sheets or electronic gadgets. Another Issue Is robbery in such a case that something Is taken during class, the criminal doesnt have numerous alternatives with respect to where he/she could conceal it however having a knapsack will unquestionably change Nat I en last AT things Tanat would de be able to toughen In a Ticktack goes on. Knapsacks In class will permit confined things including hardware gadgets, weapons and medications to be carried effectively into class. In synopsis, knapsacks in a difficult situation than focal points. They are superfluously huge and space devouring which prompts jam-pressed homerooms and corridors, they cause wellbeing worries that can be very genuine, and they can be utilized to harbor things that are confined from school. A few things are intended to be left in the storage, and rucksacks are certainly one of them.

Replica Node Detection using Enhanced Single Hop Detection

Copy Node Detection utilizing Enhanced Single Hop Detection Copy NODE DETECTION USING ENHANCED SINGLE HOP DETECTION WITH CLONAL SELECTION ALGORITHM IN MOBILE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 1. Presentation Sensor frameworks are being subject of excitement among the insightful network and industry in view of those wide assortment pertinence in various framework circumstances. WSNs contain a broad number of little sensors, for the most part sent thickly in the target an area to assemble significant data [1, 2]. Center points relating to Sensors are resource obliged due to their little measurement in addition to it limits the limit of count and correspondence. The most generally perceived uses of WSNs fuse living space checking, periphery viewing in military, development watching, and calm seeing in human administrations [3, 4]. In MWSNs [5, 6], centers relating to sensor have additional convenientce ability to wander inside a goal area. Adaptable sensor centers can give exact data appeared differently in relation to static centers. The sensor amount required in MWSNs to cover a distributed area is very littler than static WSNs. Eventually, thick sending of convenient center points suppor ts high unfaltering quality and burden altering. Despite every point of convergence, MWSNs have an extraordinarily powerful framework topology in view of flexibility. Thusly, the challenges are copied diverged from their static accomplices. The genuine troubles fuse correspondence, scope, distributive supportive oversee, and security [7, 8]. Wellbeing has constantly been a fundamental issue of stress in WSNs [9]. WSN (Remote Sensor Network) contains a social occasion of remote sensor center points that forma correspondence orchestrates. These center points assemble the unstable information from the territory notwithstanding move those substance as a data to the establishment area at which it checks the data just as ID moved by the center points relating to sensor. These sensor center points are ordinarily low esteemed hardware portions with goals on memory measurement just as count capacities. The transportable WSNs resemble WSN beside to encourage the centers relating to sensor are convenient in character. The various usages of Mobile WSNs join mechanical independence, transportation structure, surveillance, and following. Examiners focus to consolidate Mobile WSNs into the (Internet of Things) IoT [10]. In any case, a huge proportion of security issue rises as attacks on account of nonappearance of gear support and unsteady sensor centers. One such ambush is the center replication attack. In sensor frameworks, aggressors catch and exchange off center points to implant counterfeit data into the framework that impact the framework correspondence in addition to capacities. Such sort of attack has been perceived as generation center point ambush [11]. The adversary gets puzzle contributions as of the exchanged off centers likewise appropriates those as far as propagations in the framework. Generations have been imitated as genuine by means of the close by center points in addition to common center points dont think about impersonations impart signs, for example, its close by centers. It in like manner schemes and goes about as true blue center that offers steadfastness to the framework. The duplicate centers have been overseen by the adversary. The issue is the generation center points in like manner hold the information which has been required for safe correspondence in the framework. Despite these issues, adaptability of centers, the plot of impersonation, and sideway ambushes are the rule inconvenience while recognizing in addition to dealing with those duplicate centers. Right when the proliferations are not recognized, at that point the framework will be keen on aggressors and the framework ends up being progressively frail. The acknowledgment of duplicate center point in the Mobile WSNs has been a noteworthy endeavor. Along these lines, only scarcely any area plans are being proposed [12]. Since the adversary appropriates impersonation center points any place in the framework, the flexibility helped acknowledgment plan has been expec ted to recognize the duplicates in the framework. In the earlier works, adaptability helped framework, (Single Hop Detection) SHD, was proposed. In Single Hop Detection, each center point imparts its region keep up to its lone bounce neighbors and picks the observer hub.[13] The picked observer center point perceives propagations by playing out the affirmation methodology. Consequently, it decreases correspondence overhead. Regardless, when the proliferations plot by methods for each extra, they select impersonation as an eyewitness center point. Therefore, the acknowledgment precision has been less. The essential objective relating to the proposed investigation has been to improve the area precision through the choice of the appropriate observer center point with diminished overheads in the midst of the disclosure of duplicate center points in the compact remote sensor frameworks. To gather the objective, SHD is improved using the AIS. Fake Immune System (AIS) is a division of Arti ficial Intelligence taking into account the principles of (HIS) Human Immune System. It offers various responses for this current reality issues in view of its trademark features. The trademark features consolidate learning ability to the novel conditions, adaptability and scattered character to the different condition, limited resources, just as the capacity to endure still in the ruthless situations.[14] The update of Single Hop Detection with AIS upgrades the revelation accuracy. The dedication behind the examination study attempts to join the redesign of the SHD strategy through utilization of the Clonal arrangement estimation to choose the spectator center points which has been an alternate responsibility. Along these lines, the revelation extent is extended through the choice of appropriate observer centers and in like manner, the proliferation center point area handle causes least oversee overheads. 2. Inspiration OF THE PROJECT Security of Mobile WSNs is a vital test. One has been the center point replication attack, having a comparable character of the got center, and the adversary passes on an unusual number of duplicates all through the framework. Consequently duplicate center point acknowledgment is a basic test With little effort, an adversary may gets, assessments, and rehashes those of them just as insert these duplicates at different zones inside the frameworks. Such ambush may have a couple of results and may deteriorate framework data or basic divisions relating to the framework. Existing techniques procure oversee overheads in addition to the disclosure precision has been little at which the duplicate is picked as a spectator center. The current examination attempts to propose with respect to the improving of the SHD (Single Hop Detection) strategy using the Clonal collection count to recognize the copy through picking the proper eyewitness center points. The advantages of the recommended procedu re consolidate (I) increase in the distinguishing proof extent, (ii) Decline in the administration overhead, in addition to (iii) increase in throughput. The revelation rate probability insinuates area of the danger ambush in an obliged time. The probability of acknowledgment periods shows that proposed strategy recognized the impersonations in lively, convincing and beneficial way. Something different, there could be a credibility that an attacker can misuse the late acknowledgment to get the whole correspondence. Essentialness is in like manner a fundamental parameter in generation area considering the way that an attacker needs high imperativeness to screen the whole framework. So additionally, the imperativeness of the convenient center should be viable to play out the acknowledgment and easing handle for replication ambushes. The probability of essentialness that convenient center point eats up in the appropriation in addition to getting messages by flexible center points. The correspondence cost for disclosure impersonations should be alluring and high. Each adaptable center point needs to accumulate the information, check and direct the assessment for clones ambushes recognizable proof (i.e., if comparable center character has been found). The acknowledgment framework should have high veritable hopeful speed (imitation centers are recognized adequately) just as the less false idealistic speed (run of the mill center point is accused as a copy). The execution of relating to the recommended examination is estimated using ID extent, bogus acknowledgment extent, bundle movement extent, ordinary delay, the board overheads just as throughput. The execution is finished using ns-2 to show the truth of the proposed examination. 3. RELATED WORK The distinguishing proof plans planned for still WSNs have not been material to MWSNs in view of component framework topology. A recognizable proof part in MWSNs ought to consider the conveyability of a center with a particular ultimate objective to recognize duplicate [15]. The multiplication revelation instruments in MWSNs similarly expressed in the composing are delineated underneath. The distinguishing proof plans UTLSE (Unary-Time-Location Storage and Exchange) and MTLSD (Multi-Time-Location Storage and Diffusion) recommended [16] get time-territory ensure approach. Each center point in Unary-Time-Location Storage and Exchange and Multi-Time-Location Storage and Diffusion spares different events of time-region keep up of the followed centers. With the social event, of the time-region plans are exchanged flanked by two trackers to affirm the chance of zone cases. Right when a conflict rises in the time-territory affirmation technique of a center point, it is recognized as propaga tion. An area scheme using center points pace has been recommended [17]. The arrangement uses SPRT (Sequential Probability Ratio Test) to enlist center points speed. Exactly when a center point connects at another zone, it conveys now is the perfect time zone state to the close by centers. Neighbors forward the got keep up to BS following viably affirming the realness of the correspondence. The BS is responsible for get-together time-zone instances of the center points in addition to assesses their speed. A center point having the pace that is more prominent when contrasted with it has characterized with a pace cutoff is recognized as propagation through the BS. A pai

ORGANIZATION AND PEOPLE PROJECT REPORT - 275 Words

ORGANIZATION AND PEOPLE PROJECT REPORT (Book Review Sample) Content: ORGANIZATION AND PEOPLE PROJECT REPORT Summary. Management and leadership skills vary, but the terms are at times used to refer to the other. Leadership skills mainly focus on individuals with diverse decision-making skills and the ability to set future goals while management focuses on how a company is run through obeying and following its policies and rules. Introduction. Since there is a confusion of these terms, there was the need to distinguish leadership from management to help know the roles of these two words in the business setup. Topic Questions. There was various objective in the session on how to distinguish the role of leaders and managers in an enterprise and how to determine their behaviors. 1. The primary purpose was learning on the differences between leaders and administrators. 2. Understanding a real leadership and ethics in a work environment 3. Polishing interpersonal skills and even communication skills. 4. Understand how leaders can make critical decisions when faced with a leadership challenge. 5. Learning how to mage stress in as a manager in a work place. 6. How to inspire, motivate, and empower others. 7. Learn who is a leader. Conclusion. Having examined the difference between managers and leaders it was evident that leaders have vast knowledge on facilitated, collaborative multi-stake holder process and how to develop creatively accepted solutions. The training also advanced my knowledge on good leadership attributes. The sessions provided the opportunity to enhance interpersonally and communication skills. Finally, I came to understan... Organization and people project report - 275 Words Organization and people project report (Book Review Sample) Content: ORGANIZATION AND PEOPLE PROJECT REPORT Summary. Management and leadership skills vary, but the terms are at times used to refer to the other. Leadership skills mainly focus on individuals with diverse decision-making skills and the ability to set future goals while management focuses on how a company is run through obeying and following its policies and rules. Introduction. Since there is a confusion of these terms, there was the need to distinguish leadership from management to help know the roles of these two words in the business setup. Topic Questions. There was various objective in the session on how to distinguish the role of leaders and managers in an enterprise and how to determine their behaviors. 1. The primary purpose was learning on the differences between leaders and administrators. 2. Understanding a real leadership and ethics in a work environment 3. Polishing interpersonal skills and even communication skills. 4. Understand how leaders can make critical decisions when faced with a leadership challenge. 5. Learning how to mage stress in as a manager in a work place. 6. How to inspire, motivate, and empower others. 7. Learn who is a leader. Conclusion. Having examined the difference between managers and leaders it was evident that leaders have vast knowledge on facilitated, collaborative multi-stake holder process and how to develop creatively accepted solutions. The training also advanced my knowledge on good leadership attributes. The sessions provided the opportunity to enhance interpersonally and communication skills. Finally, I came to understan...

Lord Of The Flies, By William Golding - 910 Words

The Meaning of Leadership It is very commonly stated that there are two types of people in this world: leaders and followers. A leader is someone who is brave, or good at divulging the bravery of others. A leader is someone who is relaxed, or able to bring serenity into a time of chaos. Most importantly, a leader is persuasive and able to provide people with the direction needed to achieve the task at hand. Unfortunately, these are not qualities that one can simply decide to possess. People are not followers simply because they choose to be, but because they do not have what it takes to be anything more. Although many people will try to rise above and lead others, there are only a select few that will succeed. Unfortunately, identifying a true leader can be just as difficult as being one. Quite often, a person will choose a leader based on familiarity or a set of qualities that they believe that a leader should have. In â€Å"Lord of the Flies,† Golding had the boys choose Ral ph as their leader for all the wrong reasons. Although the boys saw the idea of assembling all of them with the conch as a sign of good leadership, it is reviled to the reader that this wasn’t even Ralph’s idea, but Piggy’s. However, the boys were unaware of this do to their lack of concern to read into the situation more closely. The boys also choice Ralph as a leader because of his physical appearance. Unfortunately, attractiveness does not in any way apply greatness. Although Ralph was attractive andShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies By William Golding869 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Psychology Sometimes people wear fake personas like a cloak over their shoulders, used to hide what is really underneath. This harsh reality is witnessed in William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies, a novel that is famous for not only its sickening plot, but also for the emotional breakdowns all of its characters experience. These issues are akin to those shown in certain real-world psychological experiments. A summary of Golding’s Lord of the Flies, combined with the evidenceRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1347 Words   |  6 Pages The theme of The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is the reason society is flawed is because people are flawed. Although Piggy is knowledgeable, he has many flaws including his laziness and physical inabilities. Ralph is an authority seeker. He sets rules and laws, yet does little to enforce them. Ralph wants to be the ruler, without doing the work to enforce his laws. Jack is persistent. He is rude, harsh and violent in or der to get what he wants. He wants to be supreme. Piggy’s flaws areRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1123 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Lord of The Flies by William Golding, the characters Ralph, Piggy, and Jack represent important World War II leaders Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and Winston Churchill. Golding, who had served in World War II, was well aware of the savagery created, and used it to base his book on. Ralph represents Franklin Roosevelt , Jack represents Adolf Hitler, and Piggy represents Winston Churchill. Ralph being of the novel’s main protagonist is important in the outcome of the story becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Golding’s true motiveRead MoreLord of The Flies by William Golding619 Words   |  2 PagesGovernments are no different; they fight for power just like the rest of us do. They just do it on a much bigger scale. Qualities from Oligarchy, Totalitarianism, Democracy, Dictatorship, and Anarchy governments are used in several parts of Lord of The Flies that represent different characters and different situations. An Oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country or organization. A Totalitarianism government is a form of government that permits no individual freedom and thatRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding1306 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Lord of the Flies, William Golding creates a microcosm that appears to be a utopia after he discharged from the British Royal Navy following World War II. 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Its either about the inalienable underhanded of man, or mental battle, or religion, or personal inclination, or the creators emotions on war; however William Golding was in the Navy throughout World War II, or perhapsRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1383 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Lord of the Flies is still a Blueprint for Savagery by Eleanor Learmonth and Jenny Tabakoff, the words â€Å"I’m afraid. Of us† first appeared in Golding’s novel 60 years ago. Lord of the Flies by William Golding follows a group of schoolboys trapped on an island after a plane crash during a world war. At the beginning, they celebrate as the y have total autonomy as there are no adults around. They attempt to establish a civilization but when order collapses, they go on a journey from civilizationRead MoreLord of the Flies, by William Golding1055 Words   |  5 Pages In William Goldings Lord of the Flies a group of English school boys crash land onto an uninhabited island somewhere in the Mid Atlantic ocean. Ralph, the protagonist and also the elected leader, tries to maintain peace and avoid any calamity on the island. However, Jack is neither willing to contribute nor listen because he is jealous of Ralph and has a sickening obsession with killing boars. Ralph has some good traits that help him maintain peace and balance for a period of time. He is charismaticRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pages Outline Introduction Short intro for Lord of the Flies Short intro on Gangs The bullying and group mentality demonstrated in gangs has resemblances to the characters in Lord of the Flies. II. Bullying/Group mentality Gangs Drugs/Loyalty B. Lord of the flies Jack kills the pig/Jack and Ralph fight III. Effects B. Lord of the flies Jack killing the pig aftermath Violence IV. Conclusion Gangs are considered a group of people that have a common link together

Hemingway Style Analysis Essay - 1364 Words

1 Earnest Hemingway is one of Americas foremost authors. His many works, their style, themes and parallels to his actual life have been the focus of millions of people as his writing style set him apart from all other authors. Many conclusions and parallels can be derived from Earnest Hemingways works. In the three stories I review, ?Hills Like White Elephants?, ?Indian Camp? and ?A Clean, Well-lighted Place? we will be covering how Hemingway uses foreigners, the service industry and females as the backbones of these stories. These techniques play such a critical role in the following stories that Hemingway would be unable to move the plot or character development forward without them. In ?Hills Like White Elephants? Hemingway utilizes†¦show more content†¦In ?Indian Camp? the roles we see in ?Hills Like White Elephants? are reversed. The primary characters are now those in the service sector with the Indians filling the rest of Hemingways equation as the foreigners. As the father figure tries to gently bring his son up properly his moral lessons and further introduction to reality are solely facilitated through their traumatic experience in the service industry dealing with a female who is a foreigner just like as in ?Hills Like White Elephants?. Except here it isnt explicitly stated that the Indians speak a native language, English, another language or a combination as the waitress in the previous story. Its through the apathetic treatment of his patient that Nicks father first develops a new depth to his character. In telling statement to the son when he begs the father to do something about the Indian womans 3 screams, quot;But her screams are not important. I dont hear them because they are not important? (Hemingway). As in the above story the female comes in as the main point of distress. In the obvious sense given the story line of the laboring Indian they must service in the early morning ours but also in a secondary sense when the Indian woman bites George and he proclaims, quot;Damn squaw bitch!? (Hemingway). In looking at the story ?A Clean Well Lit Place? it almost appears as if the qualities of the foreigner and the female are lacking. However further investigation shows the same mechanism takeShow MoreRelatedEssay about Analysis of Style and Theme in Works by Ernest Hemingway3088 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis of Style and Theme in Works by Ernest Hemingway This research paper will analyze style and theme in two of Ernest Hemingways short stories, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Big Two-Hearted River, and two novels, The Sun Also Rises and Green Hills of Africa.1 The Snows of Kilimanjaro is about an author named Harry, who is lying on the African plain and dying of gangrene. The Big Two-Hearted River is about an ex-World War I soldier, Nick, who is trying to put his life backRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Hills Like White Elephants Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesErnest Miller Hemingway is known for his unique style and theories of writing, especially the iceberg theory. In the Death of the Afternoon, Hemingway says that â€Å"The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing.† (92) Simple words, vivid images, rich emotions and deep thoughts are the four basic elements of the iceberg theory. Talk about how these stories illustrateRead MoreEvaluation Argument Hills Like White Elephants1388 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Ernest Hemingway: Hills Like White Elephants A white elephant is an idiom for a valuable but burdensome possession, but also it means a rare and sacred creature. In Ernest Hemingway’s short story Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway uses an unborn child as a white elephant. This short story depicts a couple of an American man and young women at a train station somewhere in Spain. Hemingway tells the story from watching the couple from across the bar and listening to their troublesome conversationRead MoreWriting Styles Of Ernest Faulkner And The Sun Also Rises By Earnest Hemingway And As I Lay Dying1528 Words   |  7 Pages2014 Writing Styles of Hemingway and Faulkner The style of an authors writing can often be the key to understanding the emotions and thoughts that they want to convey onto the reader. Sometimes the comparison of various authors can show how different styles of writing bring different events and characters into play. This is particularly true with the authors William Faulkner and Earnest Hemingway. Their writing styles are exponentially different, but both authors use their differing styles to theirRead MoreThroughout his career, Ernest Hemmingway’s writing style has brought many questions from critics1500 Words   |  6 Pagescareer, Ernest Hemmingway’s writing style has brought many questions from critics all over the world. These questions mainly emerged due to his writing being different from anyone else during that time. Hemmingway’s writing was simple and direct unlike other fellow writers. This made it easier for people to comprehend and it made connections to his ideas straightforward. In works such as Old Man and the Sea and For whom the Bell Tolls, Ernest Hemmingway uses his style of writing to convey his purposeRead MoreHills Like White Elephants : A Critical Analysis1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. He was also touched by the hopelessness of women and how their thinkingRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway.1497 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Critical Reading of Literature in English Critical Analysis of the short story ‘Hills like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. Word Count: 1367 Hills like White Elephants – Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Will Jig have the abortion and stay with the man; will Jig have the abortion and leave the man; or will Jig not have the abortion and win the man over to her point of view?† (Hashmi, N, 2003). These are the three different scenarios that have beenRead MoreEssay about Modernism: Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1578 Words   |  7 Pagespast. One of the examples of modernism, that breaks the conventions and traditions of literature prior to Modernism, is Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†. The short story uses plot, symbolism, setting, dialogue, and a new style of writing to allow human spirit to experiment with meaning and interpretation. Some of the characteristics of Modernism are: a desire to break conventions and established traditions, reject history, experiment, remove relativity, remove any literalRead More Symbolism in Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1687 Words   |  7 PagesIn a well-written short story, different literary elements and terms are incorporated into the story by the author. Ernest Hemingway frequently uses various literary elements in his writing to entice the reader and enhance each piece that he writes. In Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway uses symbols to teach the reader certain things that one may encounter during daily life. Symbolism may be defined as relating to, using, or proceeding by means of symbols (Princeton). The use of symbols in HillsRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway899 Words   |  4 PagesIn his short story Hills like White Elephants, Ernest Hemingway uses symbolism and landscape subtly but effectively to emphasize the tension b etween the main characters. The reader is asked to extrapolate much of the information in an indirect fashion. The reader must look into the symbolism and imagery used alongside the words the characters share and don’t share. The natural landscape covers almost the entire story, offering vivid images that contain a large amount of interpretive insight into

East or West home is the best free essay sample

Dictionary, home is understood as the house, apartment, etc. ere you live, especially with your family. In terms of this definition, the feeling of one person toward their home will be the feeling that he or she has with family or cohabitants. However, it would be not true if we consider that the home experience stick with the affection between family members. In reality, many people do not have a full and happy family, for instance with the situation of children live In orphanage, most of them do not have parents or relatives. If we onsider home as a place you live with your family, It means that those people would never experienced the feeling of being home. With people who have unhappy family, home may be the worst place in the world because It refers to the sad memories that have happened before in the past. In fact, there are many people can find love and the feeling of belonging to a strange place without relatives. We will write a custom essay sample on East or West home is the best or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the second common understanding, home is defined as the place that can bring the sense of security and affection. It means that home is anywhere that can make you feel comfortable, safe and attached to. It is not necessary your place of birth or where your family live. Referring to the example above, orphans can still find the affection, which is the unconditional love or care from other children and from foster mothers. They can consider the orphanage as their home though they do not have any kind of flesh-and- blood relationship with people here. Therefore, home can be the best place In the world, depending on how you consider a home Is.

Othello Essays (595 words) - Othello, Michael Cassio, Iago

Othello In Othello, we encounter Iago, one of Shakespeare's most evil characters. Iago is an officer in Othello's army and is jealous of Cassio's promotion to Lieutenant. Through deception and appearance, we see many lies and clever schemes unfold. The astonishing thing about Iago is that he seems to make up his malicious schemes as he goes along without any planning. I agree with the critics that say Iago represents a "motiveless malignity". Throughout the play, Iago portrays himself as a devil figure and can compare with the devil. Iago has proved himself to be a master of deception. He lies to everyone to disguise his own thoughts. For example, in Act 1 scene 2, when he is speaking to Othello about his feelings toward Cassio, he uses very strong language, while at the same time, he lies throughout the whole speech faking loyalty to a fellow soldier. He says, "I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth. Than it should do offense to Michael Cassio". This deception impresses and convinces Othello that his officer is a good and loyal soldier. Iago also succeeds in deceiving Cassio. After Cassio's drunken fight, Iago encourages him to speak to Desdemona about trying to convince Othello to reinstate him as lieutenant. While Iago is talking to Cassio, he knows that this will only help his plan of having Othello see him with Desdemona. Evidently, Cassio is capable of being deceived by Iago. In Act II Iago gives a description of his plan of deception in a soliloquy. Iago describes how the devil uses the appearance of something good to disguise the various temptations that we know are evil. He tells how he will do the same while Cassio is begging Desdemona to tell Othello to take him back. Iago then will start his destructive scheme. The devil also deceives by lying and twisting the truth. Through deception, Iago creates the appearance of good, which is what fools the people around him into thinking that he is loyal and honest. Since Iago is an officer, he already has the appearance of being a good and honest man. He has an advantage when it comes to keeping that honest look about him throughout the play. Iago deceitfully organizes his plan to appear trustworthy to everyone. Iago also uses appearances to create deception. When Cassio had finished asking Desdemona, in the garden, if she would talk to Othello for him, he left her presence. Iago and Othello were standing off in the distance observing them. When Othello asks him if it was Cassio that he saw, Iago replies "Cassio, my lord! No, sure, I cannot think it, that he would steal away so guilty-like, Seeing you coming". He uses that scene to convince Othello that Cassio looked very guilty when he left Desdemona. Othello proves this fact later on in the play when he asks for appearance as proof of Desdemona's deceptive behavior. Othello demands to see it with his own eyes in order for it to be convincing. Iago then changes the subject and lies to Othello outright by telling him that he heard Cassio talking in his sleep. He then goes so far as to say that Cassio was making sexual implications to him while sleeping. This upsets Othello, showing that Iago's slyness has no limits. The devil and Iago, both, have a unique way of twisting appearances into looking like truths. Sometimes this makes it hard to distinguish between the two evils. Iago has proven to be the essence of evil in that he uses the same tactics that the devil does to get what he wants. As for Othello, the tragedy would not have happened if it were not for Iago who was jealous of Cassio's lieutenant job and of Othello for being a successful soldier.

Running From Beer Bottles and Rocks essays

Running From Beer Bottles and Rocks essays Americans have several different views on other countries. The people who seem to criticize these other cultures are mostly people who havent been to these countries and have the typical Im better than you attitude. Just because our country is one of the top military and political powers in the world, does not give us the clearance nor justify us thinking we should have special favors or unearned respect from the people in their own lands when we are the intruder. When those disrespectful Americans go to these societies they give our whole country a bad name. Just like Newtons 2nd law, every action has an equal and opposite reaction, the product of our insolence is our rudeness thrown right back in our face. The only reason the locals in far off places that have been so unlucky to have encountered some of our nations immature residence continue to tolerate our presence is mostly due to our money and all the useless wooden bowls, chincy necklaces, and other over priced ethnic cra fts that we oddly enough find interesting and will pay top dollar for. This attitude can be extremely dangerous shown to the wrong people. It was Christmas day 1999 in Sigonella, Sicily, all the officers and members of the maintenance crew had the day off to celebrate and have a feeling of togetherness since we could not be with our families that year. We drank wine most of the day and told sea stories of places weve been and what weve done. Most of these stories would not be something you would tell to your grandchildren or in some cases even to other sailors. After the sun went down, the crowd started to slowly leave their chicken bones, empty beer cans and wine glasses, and full ashtrays for the comfort of their quarters. Some of us younger sailors who thought we were invincible; Jason, Casey, Cal, and I wanted to experience the nightlife of Sicily. So with the help of the intoxicants we dran...

The Electronic Frontier Foundation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Electronic Frontier Foundation - Assignment Example Unsecure connections could provide opportunity for hackers and malware to tap on important personal information hence compromising on personal privacy. Secondly, use of authorized software on digital devices provides some level of assurance that personal information is not jeopardized. Most authorized software vendors have their policies checked by digital regulatory bodies. However, unauthorized vendors may have policies compromising personal privacy. Considering the use of cookies to check on user behavior, there is need to activate cookie notices in web browsers. As an additional buffer, it is important to delete cookies as often as possible especially after heavy browsing (â€Å"Electronic Frontier Foundation† web). This ensures that very few websites can tap on browsing activity. Emails have become a core tenet of internet use with most websites requiring an email for registration. It is therefore important to use anonymous emails for registering on less important websites. Emails used to register on payment platforms such as PayPal should be used minimally on other websites. On a different note, it is important to remain discrete with personal information especially when using social media platforms. As a precaution, it is always careful not to share personal information with strangers. â€Å"Electronic Frontier Foundation.† EFFs Top 12 Ways to Protect Your Online Privacy. Electronic Frontier Foundation. 2002. Web 09 Feb. 2015.

The Merits of Automating Business Processes Essay

The Merits of Automating Business Processes - Essay Example This entails collecting appropriate data that would demonstrate the significance of automation as a quality enhancer and a transferrable idea that could help organizations to speed up their activities while aiming for optimum performance and productivity (Atkins, 2001; Domingue and Pedrinaci, 2009). To understand how effective the phenomenon of automation is, it is imperative to design this research in a way that the applicable variables are tested and the right participants are investigated in order to come up with useful statistical presentation. The purpose of this is to reveal the fact that automation works perfectly when all the component structures are properly aligned in its implementation (Comuzzi and Pernici, 2009). 2 3.1 Sample The participants to be investigated for this research would be employees of the target organization who are in charge of the organization’s IT Department, Manufacturing Department, and Accounts Department. The number of participants from each Department will be ten (n=10); hence, the total number of employers to be engaged in the entire research would be 30 (N=30). The employees would be chosen at random to avoid prejudicial selection so as to get fair results. The conditions for participation would be that each chosen employee has worked for the organization for a minimum of 5 years and have noticed drastic improvements in the organization’s performance owing to the automation of the operations at the organization. Variables The most important variables this research would test include the following merits of automation: Optimum Performance Ratio:- This will be measured by comparing the percentages of performance before and after automation. The percentage of performance can be estimated from the responses participants would provide to the questionnaires. Cost-efficiency Ratio:- This is why the Accounts Department employees are included as participants in this research so that they could give the extent of cost o f operation before and after the automation. 3 Comparative Speed of Operation:- The employees at the IT and Manufacturing Departments would be expected to supply the needed information about the relative speed of operation at the organization before and after the implementation of automation. 3.2 Instruments The major instrument that would be used for this study is an open questionnaire which would contain important questions the chosen employees of the organization must provide responses to. The advantage of an open questionnaire is that applicants would not be provided with any response option: they would be required to supply response to each question as they deem fit. Other applicable information about the organization’s operations would be garnered from the Annual Report of the organization. 3.3 Research Design Each open questionnaire would contain ten questions. And unlike closed questionnaire, the participants are free to supply any response they deem appropriate to th e questions. A sample of the ten questions is given as follows: (i) What does the operations at your organization look like before some or all of the processes were automated? Please comment about the speed, cost and performance of operations. (ii) And what does the operations look like after automation? Please also comment on the speed, cost and performance of operations. 4 (iii) Which areas are mostly improved through the implementation of automation procedures? (iv) How about the quality of production or

The Effects of Burning Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Burning Essay This study analyzes the effect of burning on the decay process, abundance of invertebrate fauna, and the diversity of invertebrate fauna in the pig liver samples; effect of the length of decay to the diversity of soil invertebrate fauna; and, the effect of the length of decay to the numbers of the soil invertebrate fauna. Two hundred grams (440 lbs) samples of pig (Sus scrofa L. ) liver were utilized in this experiment by exposing it to the grassland soil environment around Byrom Street Complex between 2 days and 4 weeks. At day 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 burnt and unburnt liver samples and five soil cores from underneath the liver samples were collected and placed at -20 °C to prevent further degradation and multiplication of the invertebrate fauna present in the sample. Then the invertebrates present in the pig liver samples and soil cores were extracted, identified, and counted. The study results which were tested with a two sided t-test shows evidence that there is significant effect of burning in the abundance of invertebrate fauna in the corpse of vertebrate animal species. Burning decreases the number of invertebrate fauna colonizing the dead body remains. The t-test analysis of the data gathered also proves the significance of the relationship between the rate of decay of dead body remains and the burning. The study concludes that the invertebrate fauna abundance does not increase in relation to the length of decay. The Effects of Burning on Diversity and Numbers of Invertebrate Fauna in Decaying Dead Bodies of Vertebrate Animals and Soil with Decaying Dead Matter INTRODUCTION Decaying vertebrate remains are good food source for insects whilst these insects are also of significance in the decomposition of these remains. The scavenging invertebrate fauna of vertebrate body remains today is utilized as important tools in the identification of the time elapsed since the death of the body. Continuous research has been done on the matter thus the emergence of forensic entomology which is the employment of invertebrate fauna such as arthropods, earthworms, and slugs in determining the time elapse from the death of the vertebrate animals especially human beings(Gomes, 2006). This field in forensic science known specifically as medicocriminal or medicolegal entomology which focus on the utilization of arthropod evidence for the criminal investigation of wrongful or unexplained deaths has gained significant importance in legal medicine(Tabor, 2004). Body temperature and conditions like rigor mortis or livor mortis are insignificant factors to consider during cases wherein the human carcass has been found days after his or her death. During these cases the insects that colonize the decaying dead human’s remains can provide information about the postmortem interval (PMI). Evidence that can serve as tool for the measurement of the PMI can be provided by the age of the immature stages of insects existing in the human carcass(Gomes, 2006). Established data regarding the development of arthropods which are significant in forensic investigations on the dead body remains that are derived through various controlled studies are employed in the conduct of forensic entomology(Tabor, 2004). Various conditions though like the species of invertebrate animals to be considered and the climatic condition of the location of death affect the accuracy of the information provided by this forensic entomology(Gomes, 2006). Thus, there is a necessity to conduct studies and establish arthropod colonization patterns in corpse of different locations of the globe. The progression of the global acceptance of forensic entomology in the investigation of criminal cases like murders catalyzed the various studies and researches conducted on this matter. The insects belonging to the family Calliphoridae which is commonly known as â€Å"blowflies† in particular are currently employed as biological clock for the determination of the time of death for more than two weeks. Some of the other insects found to be of significant importance in forensic entomology are: Chrysomya spp. , Cochliomyia spp. , Lucilia spp. , Fannia spp. , Drosophila spp. , Musca spp. , Nasonia spp. , Tineola spp. , Geotrupes spp. , and Necrobia spp(Gomes, 2006). The earliest invertebrates which will colonize dead body remains of vertebrate animals including humans are the necrophilus fly species which are of the family Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. When the maggots of these invertebrates arise, beetles which belong to the families Staphylidae, Silphidae, and Histeridae are the next ones to colonize the corpse because they fed on the maggots of the necrophilus flies. Beetles that are under the family Dermestidae are usually the late ones to colonize the dead body remains of vertebrates because they thrive on dry stages of decomposing corpse. In different locations around the globe there is variation in the patterns of invertebrate fauna colonization due to the variations in arthropod families thriving factors(Tabor, 2004). The general objective of this study is to verify the utilization of invertebrate fauna as indicators of the time elapsed from the death of the vertebrate animal. The specific objectives of this study are to determine the following: the existence of the effect of burning on the decay process, abundance of invertebrate fauna, and the diversity of invertebrate fauna in the pig liver samples; effect of the length of decay to the diversity of soil invertebrate fauna; and, the effect of the length of decay to the numbers of the soil invertebrate fauna MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies associated to forensic entomology use various types of carcasses like that of the dogs, pigs, and calves. In this study, samples of the pig (Sus scrofa) liver were utilized because whilst it is the widely utilized and acceptable animal model, humans have similar characteristics with this animal specie such as the type of digestive system and the omnivorous characteristic. Two hundred grams (440 lbs) samples of pig liver were utilized for the experiments. All the pig livers were placed on the same day on the surface of the grassland soil around Byrom Street Complex between 2 days and 4 weeks. Wire coverings were utilized to prevent seagulls and other scavengers from consuming the pig liver samples placed in the grassland soil. All the samples have the same exposure to the weather and invertebrate infestation. The pig liver samples were of two types the burnt and unburned (control) samples. At day 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 burnt and unburnt liver samples were collected and placed at -20 °C to prevent further degradation and multiplication of the invertebrate fauna present in the samples. The unburnt and burnt liver samples utilized in the experiment were identical in number. The liver samples which were used as the burnt variable were first covered with petrol before being burnt until crisp, dry, and black in the outer surface. In each same time intervals, five soil cores were collected from underneath the liver samples. The invertebrates which were present in these soil cores were extracted, identified, and counted. During the examination time, the pig liver samples from the temperature of -20 °C were weighed and then the colour and the state of decay were noted. The invertebrates which were present in the in the pig liver samples were extracted, identified, and counted. The larvae of flies were classified into first, second, or third instar. The taxonomic groupings like the phylum, orders, and genus of the invertebrates collected from the pig liver samples were included in the identification, classification, and recording of the invertebrate species present in the samples. The species considered in the identification and classification of the invertebrate fauna extracted from the pig liver samples were: species under suborder Nematocera, Stratiomyia species, Fannia spp. , Calliphora spp. (blowflies), species of family Lumbricidae (Earthworms), species of class Gastropoda (Slugs), species of Subclass Acari (Mites), species of order Collembola, species of order Diplura, Superclass Myriapoda (Millipedes and Centipedes), and species of family Carabidae. All the observations were recorded and tabulated after the experimentation proper. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS There are a variety of data gathered in this study thus the t-test was employed not only once in the analysis of the diverse gathered data. To determine the effect of burning on the abundance of invertebrate fauna in the decaying body remains a two sided t-test is done. The hypothesis (ho) is that the number of Calliphora spp. colonizing the decomposing vertebrate animal part is equal in the burnt and unburnt pig liver samples. The effect of burning on the rate of decomposition of body tissues was also analyzed through a two way t-test and the hypothesis (ho) is that the rate of decay process is equal in both the burnt and unburnt pig liver samples. Abundance of invertebrate fauna in soil in relation to the length of pig liver sample decay is determined by a two sided t-test with the hypothesis (ho) that the invertebrate fauna abundance RESULTS The primary invertebrate fauna which was observed in this study is the blowflies or Calliphora species. There are other species that were extracted from the liver sample though but the numbers are lesser than ten for each species and compared to the number of the Calliphora species the collected other invertebrate species are insignificant in number. The results of the two sided t-test done for the determination if burning has effects on the abundance of invertebrate species implies that indeed burning vertebrate animal carcass is associated with decreased number of Calliphora spp. compared to the invertebrate animal species collected in the raw pig liver samples. At ? =10%, the computed value for /ttab/ is 1. 622 which is greater than ttab =1. 303. Then hypothesis (ho) which is the number of Calliphora spp. colonizing the decomposing vertebrate animal part is equal in the burnt and unburnt pig liver samples was rejected. Thus, the ha that is the number of Calliphora spp. collected from the raw pig liver samples are greater than the number of Calliphora spp. collected from the burnt pig liver sample is accepted. Therefore, there is significant evidence which supports that burning affects the abundance of invertebrate fauna colonizing vertebrate animal corpse by creating a condition that facilitates the decrease of the number of the invertebrate fauna being able to colonize the burnt vertebrate animal corpse. The existence larvae in the control liver pig samples were observed only until day 7 and the stage of larvae development is in the 1st and 2nd instar in both the raw (unburnt) and burnt pig liver samples. On the 10th day, a reduction in the number of Calliphora spp. larvae is observed whilst there is the development of some of the larvae into the third instar stage hence the stages of larvae observed in this collection period were 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars for the unburnt pig liver samples. In the burnt liver samples the larval stages were not identified. On day 14, the numbers of Calliphora species extracted continued to decrease whilst the larval stages are 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instar for the unburnt pig liver samples. The Callipora spp. larvae collected from the burnt pig liver samples on day 14 are on the 3rd instar. On the 17th day a greater reduction in the number of Calliphora species present is observed but mainly the larval stage is the 3rd instar (Table 1). SAMPLES DAY 1 DAY 7 DAY 10 DAY 14 DAY 17 Raw liver sample 1 no larvae 1st 2nd instar larvae 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae no larvae Raw liver sample 2 no larvae 1st 2nd instar larvae 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae 2nd and 3rd instar larvae 3rd instar larvae Burnt liver sample 1 no larvae 1st 2nd instar larvae Larval stage not identified 3rd instar larvae 3rd instar larvae Burnt liver sample 2 no larvae 1st 2nd instar larvae Larval stage not identified 3rd instar larvae 3rd instar larvae Table 1. The stages of larval development observed in the burnt and unburnt pig liver samples. The effect of burning on the rate of decomposition of body tissues (pig liver samples) were analyzed also using a two sided t-test. Since the data on the burnt and unburnt pig liver samples have two replicates the average of this data was used in the analysis. A graph of this average shows the difference of the decomposition rate of body tissues in the raw state and the burnt state (Figure 1). There is an observable greater decrease in tissue mass of the raw pig liver samples onwhen compared to the tissue mass decay of the burnt pig liver samples. The two sided t-test analysis result reject the hypothesis (ho) is that the rate of decay process is equal in both the burnt and unburnt pig liver samples. The computed value for /ttab/ at ? =10% is 1. 899. This is greater than ttab =1. 303 , thus the null hypothesis (ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis which is raw pig liver sample tissue decomposed (in kilograms) is greater than the tissue decomposed in the burnt pig liver samples. The rate of decomposition thus is faster in unburnt vertebrate body remains when compared to the burnt body remains. The number of invertebrate colonization in the soil in relation to the length of corpse decay in the different sample types is shown in figure 2. In each sample type (control, raw, and burnt pig liver samples) there were 6 replicates thus the values of the replicates were averaged and then tabulated and converted into a graph. The graph shows that in both the raw (unburnt) and burnt pig liver samples the peak number of invertebrates collected is in day 7. There was greater number of invertebrates collected in the soil with burnt pig liver sample (average of 234 invertebrates) on the 7th day collection compared to the collected invertebrates in the soil with raw pig liver sample. Abundance of invertebrate fauna in soil in relation to the length of pig liver sample decay is determined by a two sided t-test with the hypothesis (ho) that the invertebrate fauna abundance (number of invertebrates) increases in relation to the progression of the length of decay. The t- test result rejects the hypothesis (ho) that the invertebrate fauna abundance (number of invertebrates) increases in relation to the progression of the length of decay. The computed value for /ttab/ at ? =10% is 2. 278 which is greater than ttab =1. 303. The invertebrate fauna does not decrease with the progression of the decay due to the life cycling of the invertebrates. DISCUSSION The predominant invertebrate species that first arrive in the dead body remains of vertebrates especially humans are the blowflies which belong to the family Calliphoridae and the members of these family are commonly known as Green bottle flies, House flies, and Blue Bottle flies. The stages of the life cycle of these flies are the egg, first instar larvae, second instar larvae, third instar larvae, prepupa, pupa, and adult(Steck-Flynn, 2003). These species of invertebrate fauna are first colonizers of vertebrate dead animal remains hence there population are the predominant ones observed in this study. The pattern of colonization abundance in the soil is different in both the raw and burnt liver pig samples (Fig. 2). The colonization abundance in the soil with raw pig liver samples has a major and minor peak in the five collection days which is in day 7 and day 14 respectively. The invertebrate fauna collected on the soil with burnt pig sample on the other hand has the major peak also at day 7 but the other peak is not in the scope of the 5 collection days (day3, 7, 10, 14, 17). The soil invertebrate colonization thus has a later cycle in the burnt pig liver sample when compared to the raw pig liver sample. The invertebrate fauna species that have majority of the population of the collected specimens were the blowflies (Calliphora spp. ). The other invertebrate species that has significant numbers in the collected population are: Mites, Collembola, Diplura, Carabid/ Staphylinid larvae, and Earthworms. The faster rate of decomposition of raw vertebrate dead body tissues when compared to the burnt vertebrate dead body tissues is attributed to the presence of more materials that the invertebrates can fed on. The burnt tissues of invertebrate dead bodies have have lesser water content and the tissues are covered with carbon dioxide instead of oxygen. Palatability may be the reason behind the invertebrate animal’s preference for raw than burnt corpse. The lesser invertebrates that feed on the dead body remains the longer the decay of it hence the burnt dead body remains will take longer time to decompose(de Carvalho, 2001). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES de Carvalho, L. (2001).Seasonality of insect succession and pig carcass decomposition in a natural forest area in southeastern Brazil Journal of Forensic Sciences, 46(3). Gomes, L. V. Z. , CL. (2006). Forensic Entomology and Main Challenges in Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 35(1), 001-011. Steck-Flynn, K. (2003). The Role Of Entomology In Forensic Investigations. Crime and Clues Retrieved January 19, 2008, from http://www. crimeandclues. com/entomology_intro. htm Tabor, K. B. , C; Fell, R. (2004). Analysis of the Successional Patterns of Insects on Carrion in Southwest Virginia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 41(4), 785? 795.

The Harmful Effects Of Discrimination And Segregation Essay -- essays

Discrimination and Segregation have both had many harmful effects on society in the past and exist when individuals are treated unfairly because of their particular race, gender, age, ethnic group, physical disability, or religion. Discrimination and segregation both poison the atmosphere of trust that we need in order to live peacefully. In the video 'Separate but Equal';, there are many incidences to prove that racism, segregation, and discrimination all have negative effects. The three most prominent effects of discrimination and segregation combined are Inferiority, fear, and anger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inferiority is a major issue when discussing the effects of discrimination and segregation. In the Plessy vs. Ferguson case it was ruled that there may be segregation, but the people must be equal-Separate but Equal';. After this ruling all facilities were separated according to race, but in fact were not even close to being equal to each other. The white mans facilities were almost 100 times better than the blacks. Then in the Brown vs. Board of Education in Topeka case it was brought to attention that segregation and discrimination obviously affect the children's state of mind. In the experiment to prove this hypothesis many black children were given a variety of white dolls and black dolls. They were then told to describe what they thought of each doll. The results were in fact that majority of the young black children related the bad characteristics with th...

Bidding on the Yell Group Essay

1. Introduction Yell Group consists of two businesses that are operating across countries. Yellow Page is a classified directory business in the UK, while Yellow Book is an independent directory business in the USA. These businesses are currently owned by British Telecom which is under pressure to reduce its heavy debt load and had been wavering for months about the future of these two Yellow Pages divisions. Apax Partner and Hick Muse are two private equity firms that are interested in the acquisition of the Yell Group by using debt for a majority of the purchase price and equity for the remainder. The deal is crucially important to both Apax and Hicks Muse because of its high visibility — simply by virtue of its size and complexity, it will leave its mark on the reputations of both PE firms. But the team faces a challenge when valuing a cross border business involved in the LBO. Not only are those business located in different markets, but they also are characterized by different growth rat es and cash flow characteristics. Furthermore, each business unit faces an immediate uncertainty. 2. Overview of LBO The Equity Sponsor borrows the debt portion of the purchase price, typically through public or private bonds and bank loans issued by the company and contribute the equity portion typically through a private fund. Debt is serviced and repaid with the company’s operating cash flows. The buyer later sells all or a portion of the company and realizes a return on its initial equity investment — Sale of Sponsor equity typically through an initial public offering or a sale to a strategic buyer or another LBO firm. The LBO transaction focuses on cash flows generated by operations and the use of the cash to pay down debt, thereby increasing equity value. Additionally, improvements in operating performance can increase value. Assuming the enterprise value remains unchanged, as debt is repaid, value reverts to the equity holders, thereby generating equity returns. Through this cross-border LBO, our team wants to achieve three fundamental goals: a) Determining the enterprise value of Yell Group by measuring its ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet required equity returns while complying with leverage parameters. b) Calculating financial ratios and other measurements to determine the balance sheet and credit impact of the LBO c) To justify whether they can get reasonable returns given financial projections and leverage assumption in the model. Our team is aim to use as much leverage as possible to minimize initial equity check and create an aggressive financing structure that can be eff ectively syndicated to the market. 3. Yell Operations When valuing Yell, we find that Yell currently has two well-established business lines in two different markets. While the environment is different in each market, Yell’s business lines achieve somewhat steady cash flows that are on pace with market growth, even the OFT is expected to recommend the imposition of a limit on the annual increase in rates for advertising in the U.K. market. The projected EBITDA for both BT Yellow Pages in the U.K. and Yellow Pages USA combined are more than enough to cover the considerable interest expense. Furthermore, with the ambitious growth plan, Yellow Book hopes to capture much of the predicted market share gains. A good LBO candidate should have some characteristics on its business specific and industry specifics. That means, the underlying Yell fundamentals and competitive advantage should be much more scrutinized by the team. Indeed, BT Yellow Pages as a market-leader in the classified directory business and Yellow Pages USA as a market leader in the independent publisher of business directories. Finally, shortly before Apax and Hicks Muse had initiated talks with BT executives about the future of Yell, the telecom giant had announced plans to pay down its debt, so this deal should be a fire-sale transaction, the sale of Yell is good for BT and its shareholders. However, BT Yellow Pages and Yellow Book USA represent two very different businesses. The U.K. business is subject to heavy regulation which will restrict the price. Thus the only way to expand profits is through the advertisement volume. Unfortunately, the growth in the classified directories advertising market has been declining over the last few decades and will probably continue in this tendency even though the total advertising market has seen increasing growth. The potential good opportunities for this business could be the additional divisions that BT Yellow Pages owned. Prospective investment indicated these businesses are in the early stages. The U.S. market is an important source of new business for SMEs throughout the country and the independents are projected to increase their market share from 11% to 30% over the 2000 — 2005 period. For Yellow Book, this growth is to be fueled by expansion efforts as launching new directories into contiguous markets and launching wide area books into cities without an independent presence. In terms of the industry life cycle, BT Yellow Pages is most likely in the late maturity / early decline stage while Yellow Pages USA was still in the growth phase. These factors combined with the buyers’ investment horizon will influence their exit strategy. Yell Group Ltd. provided Apax and Hicks Muse team with projections for both BT Yellow Pages and Yellow Book USA based on what a potential growth in the upcoming years. Since Yell is trying to sell their business, we have to be careful about the assumptions used to come up with these projections. As a financial buyer, we tend to leave the day-to-day operations with management and thus would hope that they can meet their projections. These numbers should be viewed conservatively, as Yell would want to make the company look as attractive as possible to potential buyers. For BT Yellow Pages, their growth is dependent on the number of advertisements sold in a given year and the advertisements’ prices. Thus, as a potential buyer, these areas need to be scrutinized to come up with a reasonable projection. The growth rate (nominal) of advertisement volume from 2001 to 2007 may be as high as the rate of past years at 6.6%, and for SMEs, BT Yellow Pages were considered a â€Å"must buy†, since the yellow pages are their principal means of reaching customers in UK. Yellow pages advertising expenditures tends to be more stable than other forms of media advertising and do not fluctuate widely with economic cycles. For advertisement prices, the trend is slightly increasing from 2001 to 2003 and flat thereafter. Yell’s management seems to be too optimistic here as the OFT is expected to announce its new recommendation for the following years soon. Since the cap is 6% below the inflation rate and the projections for inflation is 2.4% in 2002, 2.3% in 2003, and 2.0% thereafter, the advertising prices should be expected to show a decreasing trend. For example, the Weighted Average Advertisement Fee in 2002 should be 621.78 = 645 x (1 + 2.4% – 6%). The year-over-year revenue growth for Yellow Book USA ranges from 10.0% to 15.0% with an average of 12.5% and a compound average growth rate of 12.4%. Organic growth in the US market is 4-5% and so the additional growth for Yellow Book USA must be coming from new market launches as well as increasing market share as an independent publisher. The growth rates seem quite aggressive and so additional new market launches may be required in years 2005 and 2006, currently not projected, to ensure that there is a buffer to hit revenue projections. It may make sense to also decrease the revenue growth rate to be more realistic and use yell’s projection as an upper limit case. We think it important to segregate organic revenues from new launch revenues and only apply an EBITDA margin to organic sales while separately adding in the impact of new launches in order to roll the two very different types of markets together. This approach also affords an opportunity to give a more sophisticated treatment to operating income from new launches. We believe that a 17% EBITDA margin on organic sales is a more realistic target for 2002, improving at a 2% increase per year as business goes up until the 25% target rate is hit in 2005 and maintained thereafter. Capital Expenditure and depreciation also need to be reviewed as they are somewhat positively related, which means an increase in Capital Expenditure usually results an increase in depreciation and vice versa. Overall, the numbers for both markets should be viewed with skepticism as these are Yell’s projections and may not reflect the buyer’s expectations in terms of the growth in the market. 4. Transaction Assumption The following transaction assumptions must be considered at the beginning of LBO analysis: a) BT Yellow Pages has its price adjusted for inflation as stated by the OFT. b) The U.K. discount rate is calculated using the comps Telefonica Publicidad e Informacion and Enriro. c) The U.S. discount rate is calculated using McLeod USA and World Pages. d) The model assumes the debt is held in the U.K. and the U.S. business line will have its cash flows converted to U.K. denominated pounds at the spot rate- For the base case, the terminal value growth rate of BT Yellow Pages is 3.47% which is a forecast of the compound average growth rate of FCF from 2002 to 2007 based on our projection. Sensitivity analysis should be applied to see how the growth rate of terminal value would affect the overall valuation. e) For the base case, the terminal value growth rate of Yellow Book USA is 4.3% which is the historical growth of the RBOCs. Sensitivity analysis should be applied to see how the growth rate of terminal value would affect the overall valuation. f) New launches in the U.S. are fore casted to return 5% EBITDA to Sales in the first year. This is a conservative estimate and sensitivity analysis should be applied to see how the EBITDA margin of new launches would affect the overall valuation. g) Once launched, the new markets are assumed to reach organic EBITDA margins in the following year. h) The risk premium of both markets is set as 6.5% and sensitivity analysis should be applied to see how the risk premium would affect the overall valuation. 5. Valuation Method It is accepted that CCF valuation is widely used for LBO. WACC is not applicable here because the calculation of WACC assumes constant D/E ratio. Based on the debt repayment schedule, it is unlikely that the firm will be able to maintain a constant ratio. CCF is ideal for this transaction because the debt repayment schedule is known in advance. CCF separates the calculation into two parts: unlevered cash flow using unlevered cost of equity and tax shield using the unlevered cost of equity. For our calculation, CCF is more suitable due to the known debt repayment schedule and the more conservative valuation. Coming up with an accurate valuation becomes more complex when dealing with different currency of cash flows from cross border assets. Yell’s two business line, BT Yellow Pages and Yellow Book USA, operates and generates revenue from their respective countries; therefore, we must look each asset as a separate part. We could do a separate valuation on each asset based on the home country’s currency and financial projections. To determine a representative discount rate, we used betas and Debt/EV ratios of comparable listed companies in Exhibit 10 from each region. For example, for Yellow Book USA, we only used betas and Debt/EV of comparable American firms and not European firms and we assume the risk premium is 6.5%. We also had to take into account difference in risk-free rates by looking at country-specific yield on 30 years Treasury Bills when calculating the cost of equity for each asset. Depending on the capital structure, each asset may have tax benefit from tax-deductible interest payments. The interest tax shield must be calculated using the local country’s corporate tax rate; therefore, each business line may have different cost of debt. At Yell, we used the U.K. tax rate of 30% because the acquired company is incorporated in the U.K. thus everything is consolidated in pound. When building a valuation model, we also consider the growth potential of each asset separately as well. We take into account the firm’s local business strategy, competitors, and overall market potential to develop a representative perpetuity growth rate. Once we get the enterprise values for both assets, we can then use the spot rate to convert the enterprise values into pound for comparison. All these factors play a vital role when forecasting revenue growth / free cash flows, determining the discount rate and eventually calculating a fair enterprise value for the firm. Using our pro forma assumptions and CCF valuation, the total acquisition fee is  £2.09 billion (shown in excel). The U.S. business is valued and converted to the pound to reach a total valuation. These values include the 5% in transaction fees. 6. Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity is done on five major variables. The first variable is the terminal growth rate of the U.K. business since BT Yellow Pages represents a huge part of the total valuation (see excel file for the sensitivity of growth rate on BT Yellow Pages valuation). If the terminal growth rate is 5%, the total acquisition price with fees is  £2.28 billion, compared to the  £2.09 billion with the base case of 3.47% growth rate. The second variable is the terminal growth rate of Yellow Book USA. This scenario analysis doesn’t affect the overall valuation much as the Yellow Book USA only accounts for a small fraction of the overall valuation. For the third variable, the analysis performed is the change in regulatory imposition when keeping the terminal growth rate of UK business at 3.47%. Currently the base case is that revenue decreases by the inflation subtracting 6% annually. The results are shown in Sheet ‘Sensitivity Tables’. When there is no regulatory imposition applied and the price grows with inflation, the acquisition price with fees is 3.01 billion. If they can negotiate with the UK government to reduce the rate to 5%, instead of 6%, the acquisition price with fees is 2.30 billion. It is highly sensitive to the change in regulatory imposition. This implies there is significant upside if the regulatory imposition is lower than 6%. For the fourth variable, we change the projections of Yellow Book USA’s EBITDA margin of new launches in order to create a range where revenue projections are uncertainty. But there is not much of a difference among those valuations. The last scenario analysis performed is the risk premium for both markets, at the very beginning we assumed a 6.5% risk premium, but we also want to get a range of the valuation as the numbers changes. The results are from 2.4 billion to 1.85 billion. Overall, we are confident that the bid would be somewhere between  £1.85 billion to  £2.3 billion. 7. Conclusion For this financial acquisition, we are more opportunistic and thereby looking for value creation based on the assets itself in order not to overvalue the target firm and thus overbidding for the company. In addition, we are looking to expand its presence on the European LBO market. We viewed Yell as a compelling investment opportunity, particularly in light of the company’s growth potential, low valuation and leverage capacity. This deal will leave its mark on the reputations of both PE firms.

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 1583 Words

Things Fall Apart Essay The Story is set in Nigeria, around the Early 1900s. The story starts slightly before the European Colonization Era, It tells the story of Okonkwo, a very strong man who lives in the Igbo Tribe. On the outside, he appears very brave and masculine, but on the inside, he is a man with much insecurity. His biggest fear is become weak or showing any signs of feminism, which in this society is one of the worst things to be. Part I – Pre Colonization In Part I, We learn the story of his father Unoka. He was a complete bum to say the least. He never paid off any of his debts and was just a lazy man. He dies 10 years before the story sets. Okonkwo is like the complete opposite of his father. He’s a successful Yam farmer with 3 wives and is actually able to support his family. One morning, the Umoufia clan announces that one of their daughters was murdered by the Mbaino. This drives Okonkwo to go to war with the other clan. However, they give Okonkwo a peace offering, a virgi n girl and a boy, a 15 year old named Ikemefuna. Okonkwo grows attached to boy. Ikemefuna becomes like a bigger brother to Nwoye, one of Okonkwo sons. To Ikemefuna, Okonkwo slowly becomes his own father. During the Week of Peace, Okonkwo youngest wife leaves the house without cooking dinner, so he beats her. He is fined by the priest money and animals for his offense. The offense was not for beating his wife, but for beating her during the Week of Peace. Since then, 3 yearsShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. 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In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other